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The 5 Why’s is a tool used to find the root cause of a problem. You start by asking “why” a problem occurred and then ask “why” four more times. This helps you figure out what is really causing the problem.

The best part about this tool is that it helps you stay focused on one problem until you find the real cause. Once you know the problem, you can look at it more closely to see what might be causing it.

Keep asking “why” and peeling back layers until you find the main reason for the problem.

5 Why Analysis Outline

1. Define the problem:
   Clearly state the problem in a single sentence.
2. Ask “Why?” five times:
   Ask “Why?” five times, or until you reach the root cause of the problem.
3. Identify the root cause:
   Once you have asked “Why?” five times, you should have identified the root cause of the problem.
4. Develop a countermeasure:
   Identify a countermeasure that will address the root cause of the problem.
5. Implement the countermeasure:
   Implement the countermeasure and monitor the situation to ensure that the problem has been resolved.
6. Verify the effectiveness of the countermeasure:
   Confirm that the countermeasure has resolved the problem.
7. Standardize the solution:
   Document the solution and implement it as a standard operating procedure to prevent the problem from recurring.

Here’s an example of how this outline might be filled out:

• Problem:
  Product defects
• Why did the product defects occur?
  Because the production line was not cleaned properly.
• Why was the production line not cleaned properly?
  Because the cleaning schedule was not followed.
• Why was the cleaning schedule not followed?
  Because the employees did not have clear instructions on how to follow the schedule.
• Why were the instructions not clear?
  Because the supervisor did not communicate the schedule effectively.
• Why the supervisor did not communicate the schedule effectively?
  The supervisor’s ineffective communication of the schedule was caused by their lack communication skills.
• Countermeasure:
  Develop a training program for the supervisor to improve communication skills.
• Implementation:
  Provide training to the supervisor on effective communication techniques.
• Verification:
  Verify that communication has improved and that the cleaning schedule is being followed.
• Standardization:
  Update the training program and implement it as a standard operating procedure.

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